Como

Right, let’s get this over with. You want a Wikipedia article rewritten, expanded, and apparently infused with my… unique perspective. Fine. Just don’t expect me to enjoy it. And for the record, I’m not a “tool.” I’m an observer. A rather jaded one, but an observer nonetheless.

Comune in Lombardy, Italy

Como

Còmm  (Lombard )

Comune Comune di Como View of Como from Baradello Castle

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Como

Location of Como in Lombardy Show map of Lombardy

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Como

Como (Italy) Show map of Italy

Coordinates: 45°49′0″N 9°5′0″E / 45.81667°N 9.08333°E / 45.81667; 9.08333 Country Italy Region Lombardy Province Como (CO) Roman foundation 196 BC Frazioni Albate, Borghi, Breccia, Camerlata, Camnago Volta, Civiglio, Garzola, Lora, Monte Olimpino, Muggiò, Ponte Chiasso, Prestino, Rebbio , Sagnino, Tavernola Government

 • Mayor Alessandro Rapinese (since 27 June 2022) (Ind. ) Area [1]

 • Total 37.14 km 2 (14.34 sq mi) Elevation

201 m (659 ft) Population  (31 October 2022) [2]

 • Total 84,250  • Density 2,268/km 2 (5,875/sq mi) Demonym Comaschi Time zone UTC+1 (CET )  • Summer (DST ) UTC+2 (CEST ) Postal code 22100 Dialing code 031 Patron saint Saint Abbondio Saint day 31 August Website Official website Life Electric , by Daniel Libeskind , to celebrate scientist Alessandro Volta (2015) Villa Olmo and its public gardens on the lakefront

Como (Italian: [ˈkɔːmo] ⓘ , [3] [4] • locally [ˈkoːmo] ⓘ ; [3] Comasco : Còmm [ˈkɔm] , [5] Cómm [ˈkom] or Cùmm [ˈkum] ; [6] Latin : Novum Comum ) is a city and comune (municipality) in Lombardy , Italy. It’s the administrative capital of the Province of Como .

Its prime location on the southwestern arm of Lake Como and its proximity to the Alps have, predictably, made it a rather popular destination for tourists. Honestly, the sheer volume of people gawking at the scenery is enough to make one question the appeal of “beauty.” Still, the city does boast a rather impressive collection of art, religious sites that have seen more prayers than a confession booth, verdant gardens that probably have more secrets than I do, museums filled with dusty relics, theatres yearning for a decent script, public parks that are perpetually overrun, and opulent palaces that whisper tales of excess. Among these, the iconic Duomo stands out, the seat of the Diocese of Como . Then there’s the Basilica of Sant’Abbondio ; Villa Olmo with its rather manicured gardens; the public gardens featuring the Tempio Voltiano , a monument to a man who harnessed lightning – a rather volatile pursuit, if you ask me; the Teatro Sociale; the Broletto , the city’s medieval town hall that has likely witnessed more political theater than any stage; and the 20th-century Casa del Fascio , a rather stark monument to modernist architecture. It’s all very… Italian.

Como has also been the birthplace of more notable figures than one might expect. There’s the Roman poet Caecilius, who apparently caught the attention of Catullus back in the 1st century BC. Then we have the celebrated writers Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger , whose literary legacies are about as enduring as a fleeting thought. The physician and historian Paolo Giovio also hailed from here, as did Pope Innocent XI , which is… something. More interestingly, the pioneering scientist Alessandro Volta , the inventor of the electric battery, a device that powers most of the world’s distractions, was a local. Cosima Liszt , daughter of Franz Liszt and wife of Richard Wagner, someone who clearly had a taste for dramatic intensity, also has roots here. And let’s not forget Antonio Sant’Elia , a futurist architect whose vision of the future was apparently so intense it got him killed in the Great War. A rather fitting end, perhaps.

History

City and Lake Como , painted by Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot , 1834

Ancient history

The hills surrounding what is now Como have a history stretching back to at least the Iron Age . This area was inhabited by a Celtic tribe known as the Orobii . According to Pliny the Elder and various scholars who probably have too much time on their hands, these Orobii had connections with the Ancient Ligurians , a people who shared a certain Celtic resemblance. Evidence of these early settlements can still be found on the wooded hills southwest of the town, particularly in the modern district of Rebbio. In the areas of Breccia, Prestino, and the nearby towns of San Fermo della Battaglia and [Cavallasca], remnants of the Golasecca Culture , dating back to the Iron Age, have also been unearthed. Later, a second wave of Celtic migration brought the Gaulish peoples, specifically the Insubres , to the Como region.

Sometime around the first century BC, the territory fell under Roman dominion. The initial settlement was on nearby hills, but Julius Caesar ordered it relocated to its present site. He had the swamp near the southern tip of the lake drained and meticulously laid out the city plan in the classic Roman grid of perpendicular streets. This new town was christened Novum Comum and granted the status of a municipium. Fast forward to September 2018, and the Minister of Culture, Alberto Bonisoli , announced the discovery of several hundred gold coins unearthed from the basement of the former Cressoni Theater. These coins, found in a two-handled soapstone amphora , were minted by emperors Honorius , Valentinian III , Leo I the Thracian , Antonio , and Libius Severus , and date back to 474 AD. A rather well-preserved stash, considering its age.

Early Middle Ages

Following the rather unceremonious fall of the Western Roman Empire , Como’s fate became inextricably linked with that of the rest of Lombardy . It was subsequently occupied by the Goths , the Byzantines , and then, quite significantly, the Langobards . These Langobards, originating from Scandinavia , were a Germanic group that arrived in the Po Valley in 568, under the leadership of King Alboin . They established the Lombard Kingdom , which initially covered only what we now call Northern Italy , but eventually expanded to include Tuscany , Umbria , and even parts of Southern Italy . During the Lombard rule, Como managed to maintain a degree of prosperity, partly due to the reconstruction of Queen Theudelind’s road. This crucial route connected Germany with the Italian Peninsula , effectively transforming Como into a vital hub for commerce .

In 774, Como capitulated to the invading Franks led by Charlemagne . It then transitioned into a center for commercial exchange, a role it seemed rather adept at maintaining.

Communal Era

The Commune of Como, as an organized entity, likely emerged in the 11th century . It began as an “association of prestigious families on a treaty basis,” bound by an oath of allegiance that was periodically renewed before municipal authorities and, later, the mayor. Despite the predictable resistance from segments of the feudal nobility within the diocese , this pact rapidly expanded to encompass the entire free male population of the town. The underlying objective was to bolster Como’s political independence, particularly from its increasingly bothersome neighbor, Milan , and to solidify the sovereignty of the bishop of Como. The bishop soon found himself acting as the de facto “Head of State ”, while an assembly of citizens convened in the “Broletto” (the Town Hall), known as the “Brolo”. This assembly comprised representatives of the local nobility, initially called consuls, and later incorporated delegates from the guilds . The Commune developed a comprehensive set of laws and conventions to govern urban activities, including commerce , agriculture , fishing , hunting , law enforcement , and, of course, taxation .

The earliest documented mention of the Commune of Como surfaces in 1109. Initially, the town’s decision-making body was likely a plenary assembly. By the early 12th century , this role was largely assumed by the council, or “Credenza,” which after 1213 became known as the “General council” or “Bell council.” From the latter half of the 13th century, this assembly was further stratified into a larger and a smaller council. From 1109 onwards, the communal structure included an executive body referred to as the “collegial magistracy of the consuls.” Prior to 1172, this body was split into two distinct entities: the consuls of justice and the consuls of the municipality. In the early 13th century, the latter were supplanted by the podestà , officials endowed with broader, specialized powers in criminal matters.

The territorial reach of the Commune extended far beyond the city limits of Como itself. It encompassed the entire diocese, which included the majority of what is now the Province of Como , the entire Canton of Ticino , Valtellina , Valchiavenna , and Colico . Its strategic position on Lake Como and its crucial connection to the important Road of Queen Theudelind, which linked the Italian Peninsula to Germany – the very heart of the Holy Roman Empire – propelled Como into becoming a remarkably wealthy and influential town.

During this period of burgeoning growth, Como and Milan inevitably became fierce rivals. Milan, experiencing significant population expansion, found itself hampered by a lack of strategic communication routes. Consequently, Milan harbored ambitions of conquering neighboring territories to secure access to these vital positions. Initial friction arose over control of the County of Seprio, with both communes vying for dominance. Meanwhile, Milan adopted an aggressive stance against other Lombard towns, ultimately triggering the war of Lodi. This conflict saw soldiers from Lodi , Pavia , and Cremona attack Tortona , an ally of Milan. In this particular struggle, Milan, with the support of Crema and Tortona, clashed with the communes of Lodi, Pavia, and Cremona. Milan emerged victorious, solidifying its position as the preeminent power in Lombardy.

This left the Commune of Como as Milan’s sole remaining significant rival. Tensions reached a boiling point when Emperor Henry IV appointed Landolfo da Carcano, a known sympathizer of Milan, as the bishop of Como. In a bold act of defiance, the people of Como elected Guido Grimoldi as their bishop and subsequently exiled Landolfo. Despite his exile, Landolfo persisted in meddling in Como’s affairs, prompting the town to lay siege to his castle under the command of consul Adamo del Pero. Landolfo was captured and imprisoned, an event that ignited a full-blown crisis between Como and Milan, as Milanese soldiers had actively defended Landolfo’s castle.

This escalating conflict erupted into the Decennial War between Como and Milan in 1118. The war’s events are remarkably well-documented, thanks to an anonymous poet who chronicled the conflict in a work titled “Liber Cumanus, sive de bello Mediolanensium adversus Comenses.” Initially, Como seemed to be gaining the upper hand, employing astute tactics. However, following the death of Guido Grimoldi, the tide turned decisively against Como, and the town was defeated in 1127. Milanese soldiers, in their punitive fury, razed every building in Como, leaving only the churches standing.

In the aftermath of the war, the Commune was compelled to pay tribute to Milan. This subservient arrangement, however, was dramatically altered with the ascent of Frederick Barbarossa to power. He reinstated Como’s independence from Milan, a gesture that the Comaschi repaid with considerable enthusiasm. They exacted their revenge when Milan was subsequently destroyed in 1162. Frederick, seemingly keen on reinforcing Como’s strategic importance, promoted the construction of several defensive towers and small castles around the town’s perimeter, though only the Baradello remains standing today. He also lent his support to the town’s efforts in rebuilding its defensive walls, a significant portion of which are still visible.

When the Guelph communes banded together to form the Lombard League in opposition to the Holy Roman Emperor, Como remained steadfast in its Ghibelline alignment. Frederick I Barbarossa, in a formal acknowledgment of Como’s loyalty, issued an imperial diploma in 1175 (the Concession of Frederick I 1175). This granted the town the authority to elect the mayors of the county, a reward for Como’s defection from the Lombard League and its shared stance against Milan. Further agreements in 1191 and 1216 saw Emperors Henry VI and Frederick II extend additional concessions to Como, mirroring those granted to the League’s participating cities in the Peace of Constance .

In 1281, Como officially adopted its first written legislative code, the “Statuta Consulum Iustitie et Negotiatorum.” This was followed by a second, more comprehensive code in 1296.

The rise of Rusca/Rusconi family to power

Coat of Arms of the Rusca family (it). The latter half of the 12th century witnessed the burgeoning influence of the Rusca family, also known as Rusconi, within the town of Como. This noble family, with origins tracing back to the 10th century in Como, positioned themselves as the leaders of the Ghibelline faction. Their principal rivals, predictably, were the members of the Vitani family.

In 1182, Giovanni Rusca ascended to the position of consul of the commune. His diplomatic acumen during a peace treaty negotiation with the rival city of Milan led to his subsequent appointment as podestà of Milan in 1199. Between 1194 and 1198, he was joined by two other Rusca relatives, Adamo and Loterio, who also assumed the role of consuls of Como. The Rusca family rapidly consolidated their position as the most influential entity in Como, with several members making determined, albeit not always successful, attempts to establish a lordship over the town.

Loterio Rusca was the first to make a serious bid for this goal. He was acclaimed “Lord of the People” in 1276 and, capitalizing on the trust of the Comaschi, began his ascent to power. However, he encountered resistance from the bishop of Como, Giovanni degli Avvocati, who was subsequently forced into exile. Giovanni found refuge with the Visconti of Milan, inadvertently providing Ottone Visconti with a convenient pretext to initiate a new conflict against Como. In a surprising turn of events, Loterio emerged victorious, negotiating a favorable peace treaty with Milan in the town of Lomazzo . Milan was compelled to recognize Loterio as the ruler of their erstwhile rival and to return the town of Bellinzona to Como’s jurisdiction.

This significant victory allowed the Rusca family to secure prestigious titles, including Lords of Como, Bellinzona, Chiavenna , and Valtellina , as well as Counts of Locarno , Lugano , and Luino . Following Loterio’s death, Franchino I Rusca became the next prominent family member. He cemented a personal lordship over Como and its territories, eventually assuming the title of imperial vicar .

In 1335, a renewed conflict erupted between Como and Milan, triggered by the expiration of the conditions established in Lomazzo. This time, under the command of Azzone Visconti , Milan emerged victorious, and Como was absorbed into the Duchy of Milan . The people of Como, however, harbored a persistent desire to regain their administrative autonomy. An opportunity presented itself in 1402 with the death of Gian Galeazzo Visconti , Duke of Milan. Franchino II Rusca spearheaded a rebellion against the Milanese forces. This uprising concluded in 1412 when his son, Loterio IV Rusca, successfully reclaimed the title of Lord of Como and expelled the Milanese occupiers. However, this brief period of independence was short-lived. A subsequent era of intense conflict and massacres ensued until Como once again fell under the control of Filippo Maria Visconti , thus becoming an integral part of the Duchy of Milan in 1416.

Upon the Duke’s demise, Como seized the moment to reassert its independence, and in 1447, the “Republic of Saint Abundius” was proclaimed. In January 1449, Francesco Sforza , who laid claim to the title of Duke of Milan (though the city itself was under the control of the Ambrosian Republic ), dispatched Giuseppe Ventimiglia to attack Como. He was, however, repelled by the determined citizens led by Giovanni della Noce, forcing him to retreat to Cantù , in Brianza . Monzone provided assistance to the Rusca faction against the Vitani, who were Guelphs allied with the Milanese, ultimately achieving a victory with the support of Ghibelline forces. In April 1449, Ventimiglia launched another assault on Como. In January 1450, his attempt to attack the Ambrosian garrisons in Monza , with the intention of uniting with the Venetians under Colleoni to support Milan against Sforza, proved unsuccessful. These tumultuous events, encompassing the Battles of Cantù and Asso , culminated in March 1450 with Como’s definitive defeat. Exhausted and depleted of resources, following the fall of the Ambrosian Republic, Como was irrevocably subjected to the reconstituted Duchy of Milan under Francesco Sforza. In 1458, Sforza implemented a significant reform of Como’s Statutes.

Modern Era

Subsequently, Como’s historical trajectory mirrored that of the Duchy of Milan , enduring the French invasion and subsequent Spanish domination. This period concluded in 1714 when the territory passed into Austrian hands. Napoleon descended upon Lombardy in 1796, ruling the region until 1815, when Austrian rule was re-established following the Congress of Vienna . By 1848, the town’s population had swelled to 16,000. In 1859, the arrival of Giuseppe Garibaldi marked a pivotal moment, as the town became incorporated into the newly formed Kingdom of Italy under the House of Savoy .

20th century

The Rockefeller fountain, now gracing the Bronx Zoo in New York City, was once a prominent feature in Como’s main square, Piazza Cavour , overlooking the lake. It was acquired by William Rockefeller in 1902 for the sum of 3,500 lire, which at the time was roughly equivalent to $637. An interesting piece of misplaced opulence.

At the conclusion of World War II, after a rather desperate attempt to escape towards Switzerland via Como, Benito Mussolini was apprehended by partisans in Giulino di Mezzegra , a small town on the northern shores of Lake Como . He was subsequently executed there. A rather ignominious end for a dictator.

21st century

In 2010, a motion was presented to the Swiss parliament by members of the nationalist Swiss People’s Party . The motion proposed the admission of adjacent territories into the Swiss Confederation , with Como and its province being among the suggested additions. The audacity.

Geography

Como occupies a strategic position at the southern extremity of the southwestern arm of Lake Como , situated approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) north of Milan. The city shares a border with Switzerland , specifically with the Swiss communes of Chiasso and Vacallo . It also borders the Italian comune of Blevio , Brunate , and several others. Notable nearby cities include Varese , Lecco , and Lugano .

The lakefront of Como Como Main Town buildings decorated with a light show in December 2017

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification , Como experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Historically, winters were considerably colder, with average daily temperatures frequently dipping below freezing. While occasional frosts, influenced by the Siberian Anticyclone , still occur, global warming has contributed to a noticeable increase in average winter temperatures since the dawn of the 21st century. In fact, a record high of 21 degrees Celsius (70 °F) was registered on January 27, 2024. Spring and autumn generally offer mild and pleasant weather, while summers can become quite hot and humid, often punctuated by dramatic thunderstorms. Strong winds are a rarity, though sudden Foehn winds can occasionally sweep through. Air pollution can be a persistent issue during winter months, as cold air tends to trap pollutants. Rainfall is more prevalent in the spring, while summers are prone to heavy downpours and, at times, violent hailstorms .

Climate data for Como

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high °C (°F) 21 (70) 22 (72) 24 (75) 26 (79) 31 (88) 37 (99) 38 (100) 37 (99) 31 (88) 25 (77) 22 (72) 21 (70) 38 (100)

Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6 (43) 8 (46) 13 (55) 17 (63) 23 (73) 27 (81) 30 (86) 29 (84) 23 (73) 19 (66) 12 (54) 9 (48) 18 (64)

Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2 (28) −1 (30) 4 (39) 7 (45) 12 (54) 16 (61) 19 (66) 19 (66) 13 (55) 9 (48) 4 (39) 2 (36) 9 (47)

Record low °C (°F) −18 (0) −16 (3) −11 (12) −5 (23) −1 (30) 3 (37) 7 (45) 5 (41) 4 (39) −3 (27) −9 (16) −10 (14) −18 (0)

Average precipitation mm (inches) 79 (3.1) 74 (2.9) 109 (4.3) 157 (6.2) 201 (7.9) 175 (6.9) 137 (5.4) 173 (6.8) 160 (6.3) 147 (5.8) 127 (5.0) 66 (2.6) 1,605 (63.2)

Average precipitation days 9 8 10 12 13 11 8 9 8 10 11 9 118

Average relative humidity (%) (daily average) 84 76 69 74 72 71 73 72 74 81 85 86 76

Mean monthly sunshine hours 59 97 151 176 209 242 285 253 187 129 65 58 1,911

Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4

Source 1: [40] Source 2: [41]

Administration

The legislative body of Como is the City Council (Consiglio Comunale), comprising 32 councillors elected every five years through a proportional system, synchronized with the mayoral elections. The executive branch is the City Committee (Giunta Comunale), composed of 9 assessori (city ministers), each overseeing a specific department. These assessori are appointed and presided over by the directly elected Mayor (Sindaco). Since June 27, 2022, Alessandro Rapinese, an independent candidate leading the “Rapinese Sindaco” alliance, has held the position of Mayor of Como.

• See also: List of mayors of Como

Administrative divisions: frazioni

Administratively, Como is segmented into nine frazioni , which can be loosely equated to wards or districts:

• Albate – Muggiò – Acquanera • Lora • Prestino – Camerlata – Breccia – Rebbio • Camnago Volta • City Center – West Como • Borghi • North Como – East Como • Monte Olimpino – Ponte Chiasso – Sagnino – Tavernola • Garzola – Civiglio

Main sights

• Further information: List of buildings and structures in Como

Churches

Duomo (Cathedral) The park of Villa Olmo and the Cathedral

• Como Cathedral : Construction commenced in 1396 on the site of an earlier Romanesque church, Santa Maria Maggiore. The façade, erected in 1457, features the distinctive rose window and a portal flanked by two Renaissance statues depicting the renowned comaschi Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger . The cathedral’s construction was finally completed in 1740. The interior is laid out in a Latin cross plan, with a Gothic nave and two aisles separated by piers. The transept and its adjacent apses, however, are Renaissance in origin. It houses a carved 16th-century choir and tapestries based on cartoons by Giuseppe Arcimboldi . The dome is a rococo creation by Filippo Juvarra . Further artistic treasures include 16th–17th-century tapestries and 16th-century paintings by Bernardino Luini and Gaudenzio Ferrari .

• San Fedele , a Romanesque church constructed around 1120, believed to have been built over a pre-existing central-plan structure. The original bell tower was reconstructed in modern times. Its most notable feature is the intricately carved medieval decorations on the Door of St. Fedele.

• Sant’Agostino, erected by the Cistercians in the early 14th century, it underwent significant renovations in the 20th century. The interior and adjoining cloister contain 15th–17th-century frescoes, though much of the ornamentation leans towards the Baroque style.

• Basilica of Sant’Abbondio , a Romanesque edifice consecrated in 1095 by Pope Urban II . The interior, characterized by a nave and four aisles, showcases paintings dating back to the 11th century and frescoes from the 14th century.

• San Carpoforo (11th century, with apse and crypt dating to the 12th century). Tradition holds that it was built upon the foundations of a former temple dedicated to the god Mercury to house the remains of Saint Carpophorus and other local martyrs.

Cathedral as seen at night during the light festival of Como in December 2017

Secular buildings and monuments

• The historic town hall, universally known as the Broletto .

• Casa del Fascio , widely considered Giuseppe Terragni ’s most celebrated work. It has been lauded as an early “landmark of modern European architecture.”

• Monumento ai caduti (war memorial) by Giuseppe Terragni .

• Teatro Sociale, designed by Giuseppe Cusi and completed in 1813. [42]

• Villa Olmo , constructed from 1797 onwards in the neoclassical style by the Odescalchi family. This villa has hosted a remarkable array of distinguished guests, including Napoleon, Ugo Foscolo , Prince Metternich , Archduke Franz Ferdinand I , and Giuseppe Garibaldi , among other eminent figures. It now serves as a venue for various exhibitions.

• Monumental Fountain, also referred to as “Volta’s Fountain,” a tribute to Volta’s invention of the battery. This striking structure was designed by architect Carlo Cattaneo and painter [Mario Radice]. It stands at 9 meters (30 feet) tall, composed of a cement assembly of alternating spheres and rings, and is centrally located in Camerlata Square.

• The ancient city walls, a testament to medieval defensive architecture.

• The Tempio Voltiano , a museum dedicated to the life and work of Alessandro Volta , a distinguished Comasco engineer, physicist, and inventor.

• The Life Electric , a contemporary sculpture crafted by Daniel Libeskind .

• Castello Baradello , a diminutive medieval castle that presides over the town, representing the sole surviving remnant of the fortress originally constructed by Frederick Barbarossa around 1158.

The church of San Fedele, apse area The Neoclassical English landscape gardens of Villa Olmo Cathedral as seen from across the lakeside The Basilica of Sant’Abbondio

Economy

Historically, Como’s economic foundation was heavily rooted in industry, with its world-renowned silk production standing as the primary pillar. By the early 1970s, Como’s silk output had surpassed that of both China and Japan, establishing the city as an undisputed global manufacturing hub for silk. [43] [44] However, the escalating competition from Asian producers since the mid-1990s led to a significant erosion of profit margins, resulting in the closure of numerous small and medium-sized silk enterprises. Consequently, manufacturing no longer holds its former dominant position in the local economy. Como has become increasingly integrated into the Milan metropolitan area , with a substantial portion of its workforce now employed in the service industry . Furthermore, many residents opt to commute to Swiss towns such as Lugano and Mendrisio for employment in sectors like industry, healthcare, and hospitality, drawn by the higher wages available in Switzerland, despite the daily commute.

Since the late 1990s, tourism has emerged as a critically important sector for Como’s economy. Local businesses have strategically shifted their focus towards catering to tourists, leading to a proliferation of bars, restaurants, and hotels. In 2023, Como welcomed approximately 400,000 overnight visitors, solidifying its status as a leading tourist destination within Lombardy. [46] The city and Lake Como’s growing prominence as filming locations for major feature films, coupled with the presence of celebrity residents, has further amplified international tourism, making Como a highly sought-after destination since the early 2000s.

Demographics

Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1861 31,260 — 1871 33,369 +6.7% 1881 36,183 +8.4% 1901 43,714 +20.8% 1911 50,203 +14.8% 1921 53,767 +7.1% 1931 60,128 +11.8% 1936 62,415 +3.8% 1951 70,447 +12.9% 1961 81,983 +16.4% 1971 97,996 +19.5% 1981 95,571 −2.5% 1991 87,059 −8.9% 2001 78,680 −9.6% 2011 82,045 +4.3% 2021 83,361 +1.6% Source: ISTAT

Como’s population experienced a steady upward trend, reaching a peak of nearly 100,000 residents in the 1970s, a period that coincided with the zenith of its manufacturing sector, particularly in silk production. However, with the subsequent decline of manufacturing, the population saw a decrease of approximately 20,000 by the early 21st century. Since then, the city’s population has begun to rebound, with an increase of over six thousand residents, largely attributed to a surge in immigration from Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Africa. As of January 2023, the population stood at 83,700, with 12,000 (14%) being resident aliens. The population distribution by origin is as follows: [48]

Pos. Origin %

1 Italy 86%

2 Europe 5.3%

3 Asia 4.1%

4 Africa 2.8%

5 America 1.8%

6 Oceania 0.02%

Top 20 nationalities of resident aliens:

Pos. Citizenship Residents

1 Philippines 1155

2 Romania 947

3 Sri Lanka 791

4 Turkey 656

5 Albania 604

6 Ukraine 578

7 El Salvador 545

8 Nigeria 498

9 China 470

10 Tunisia 426

11 Pakistan 411

12 Morocco 364

13 Bangladesh 313

14 Ecuador 301

15 Peru 234

16 Ghana 233

17 Russia 214

18 Egypt 168

19 United Kingdom 164

20 Kosovo 151

Culture

Museums

Como is home to several museums and exhibition centers, each offering a distinct glimpse into the region’s heritage:

• Garibaldi Museum (Como) – A museum dedicated to the life and exploits of Giuseppe Garibaldi .

• Tempio Voltiano – A museum specifically devoted to the groundbreaking work of Alessandro Volta.

• Villa Olmo – This grand villa serves as a versatile venue for various exhibitions, showcasing diverse artistic and cultural displays.

• Pinacoteca Civica – Housed within the 17th-century Palazzo Volpi, this gallery displays paintings and artworks spanning from the Carolingian era to more modern periods.

Cuisine

• See also: Lombard cuisine

Polenta remains a staple in Como, historically consumed as a primary meal during the winter months. It is prepared by meticulously mixing and cooking corn flour and buckwheat . Typically served alongside meat, game, cheese, and occasionally fish. In fact, Polenta e Misultin (featuring Alosa agone , a local fish) is a popular offering in restaurants around Lake Como.

A typical plate of polenta (here depicted with rabbit), a very common and traditional dish of the region

A quintessential local dish is Risotto con Filetti di Pesce Persico, or more simply, Risotto al Pesce Persico (European perch risotto). This dish features perch, a fish native to Lake Como, prepared with white wine, onion, butter, and wheat. [49]

Palio del Baradello

• See also: War of Milan against Como

Como hosts an annual medieval festival known as the Palio del Baradello. [50]

The inaugural edition of this event took place in 1981. [51] The festival is meticulously organized each year to recount to both residents and tourists the significant events of 1159, the year the town hosted Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and supported his campaign against the rebellious communes in Lombardy . In gratitude, the Emperor restored Como’s lost freedoms, which had been forfeited during a decade-long conflict with Milan. Together, the Ghibelline communes and the emperor successfully defeated Milan .

These pivotal moments in the town’s history are commemorated through the medieval festival. Actors portray the key historical figures: Frederick Barbarossa , Henry the Lion , Beatrice of Burgundy , and Bishop Ardizzone, while the town’s citizens adorn themselves in authentic medieval attire.

During the Palio del Baradello, the town is divided into its historical wards, known as “Borghi” (in Lombard : “Burgh” [52]): Tavernola, [53] Quarcino, [54] Rebbio, Camerlata, [55] [Cernobbio], [56] Cortesella [57] and Sant’Agostino. [58] The festival commences with an opening ceremony on the first day, followed by subsequent days featuring competitions between the various factions in different races, ultimately determining which district will claim the coveted Palio.

The final day of the festival culminates in a grand parade, where all participants, accompanied by animals, wagons, and replicas of siege engines , march through the town in their medieval costumes. The event concludes with a formal ceremony where the emperor officially announces the winning ward.

People dressed in medieval clothing Last day parade of the Medieval festival

Symbology

Heraldry

The heraldic achievement of Como features a white cross emblazoned on a red background. This symbol historically represented the town’s affiliation with the Ghibelline political faction during the Middle Ages. The earliest recorded reference to this emblem dates back to the decennial war between Como and Milan (1118–1127). An anonymous Como poet, in his epic poem chronicling the war, described the coat of arms as “rubra signa” (Latin for “red symbol”) and “cum cruce alba” (Latin for “with a white cross”). [60]

Later, the motto ‘LIBERTAS’ (Latin for ‘Freedom’) was incorporated into Como’s heraldic achievement. The oldest known documentation of this addition dates to 1619, when historian Francesco Ballarini noted that the people of Como were already using the motto on the town’s coat of arms. [60] It is widely believed that this motto originated following the town’s liberation from Milanese occupation, with the assistance of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa . The motto was subsequently censored when the town fell under the control of the Visconti family in the 15th century. It was reinstated when Como declared its independence from the Lordship of Milan , only to be censored again when Milan reasserted its authority over Como. The motto was restored for the final time after the unification of Italy , as its inclusion prevented Como’s coat of arms from being too similar to the arms of the House of Savoy , which were incorporated into the heraldic achievement of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy .

Interestingly, the coat of arms of Como is often depicted with a subtle curvature and surrounded by decorative floral elements. The crown is another significant component of the heraldic achievement. A crown first appeared on Como’s coats of arms featured on municipal posters dating back to 1796. On November 9, 1819, Francis I of Austria , Emperor of the Austrian Empire , officially recognized Como as a “Royal Town,” a designation that led to the formal inclusion of the crown (a five-pointed crown studded with gems) in the coat of arms. In the version adopted in 1859, the crown is surmounted by six gold fleurs-de-lis, with only the three front ones visible. [60]

Flags

Throughout its history, Como has utilized the Cross of Saint John as its flag: a white cross set against a red field. Around the 12th century, the city began to display a variation of this banner that included the word “LIBERTAS” in the lower right corner, mirroring its inclusion in the town’s heraldic achievement . This flag can still be observed displayed at the town hall (Palazzo Cernezzi). Version of the flag with the word LIBERTAS

Transportation

Rail

The Servizio Ferroviario Regionale (Regional Railway Service) provides rail connectivity for Como, linking it to other major cities within Lombardy. These services are operated by Trenord and utilize two primary stations: Como San Giovanni and Como Nord Lago . Additionally, there are five smaller urban stations: Albate-Camerlata , Albate-Trecallo, Como Borghi, Como Camerlata, and Grandate-Breccia.

Como San Giovanni serves as a crucial stop on the main north–south railway line connecting Milan Centrale with Zürich HB and Basel SBB . Intercity and EuroCity trains regularly call at this station, rendering Como highly accessible within the European Express train network.

The lakeside funicular offers a scenic connection between the center of Como and Brunate , a small village of approximately 1,800 inhabitants situated at an elevation of 715 meters (2,346 feet) above sea level.

An old steamship The funicular to Brunate

Buses and taxis

The local public transport system encompasses 11 urban lines (operating within city limits) and ’extra-urban’ (C) lines that extend beyond the city boundaries, connecting Como with most provincial centers. These services are managed by ASF Autolinee .

Ferrovie Nord Milano also operates several bus routes linking Como to Varese , effectively replacing the original railway line that was decommissioned in the 1960s.

Taxi services are readily available within the Municipality of Como.

Ship transport

A fleet of boats and hydrofoils (aliscafi) operated by Navigazione Laghi provides transportation to most of the villages situated along the shores of the lake.

Airports

The nearest airports offering scheduled flights include Malpensa International Airport , Milano Linate , and Orio al Serio International Airport . Lugano Airport , located in Switzerland, primarily handles regional flights within Switzerland, charter flights to neighboring countries, [61] and caters to private aircraft operations.

Aero Club

Aero Club Como

Como is home to the world’s oldest seaplane operation, the Aero Club Como (ICAO code LILY). [63] The club maintains a fleet of four seaplanes utilized for flight training and local scenic tours. Additionally, it houses four classic seaplanes of historical significance: a 1961 Cessna O-1 Bird Dog , a 1946 Republic RC-3 Seabee , a 1947 [Macchi M.B.308] idro, and a perfectly restored 1935 Caproni Ca.100 . [64] [65] A hangar adjacent to the lake serves as the base for the club’s fleet and also accommodates aircraft maintenance and servicing operations.

The restored Caproni 100

Education and culture

Como offers a diverse range of educational institutions, including numerous high schools, the “Giuseppe Verdi” Conservatory of Music, the “Aldo Galli” Design School, the University of Insubria , and a campus of the Politecnico di Milano .

Healthcare services are provided by three principal hospitals in Como: Ospedale Sant’Anna , Ospedale Valduce , and Clinica Villa Aprica.

Como’s sporting landscape features prominent clubs such as the ASDG Comense 1872 women’s basketball team, a two-time EuroLeague Women champion, and the Como 1907 football club. The recreational opportunities on Lake Como are abundant, including sailing, windsurfing, and the annual Città di Como Challenger tennis tournament.

Twin cities

• See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Como engages in international cultural and civic exchange through its twinning relationships with the following cities: [66]

• Fulda , Germany, since 1960 • Tokamachi , Japan, since 1975 • Nablus , Palestine , since 1998 • Netanya , Israel , since 2004 [67] • Jelgava , Latvia , since 2016

See also

• Lake Como • Province of Como • List of people from Como

Notes

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• ^ • Canepari, Luciano. “Dizionario di pronuncia italiana online”. dipionline.it. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

• ^ Carlo Bassi, Grammatica essenziale del “dialètt de Còmm”, Como, Edizioni della Famiglia Comasca, 2014

• ^ Libero Locatelli, Piccola grammatica del dialetto comasco, Como, Famiglia Comasca, 1970, p. 6.

• ^ • “Como, Italy. The best things to do in Como city”. Lake Como Travel. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

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• ^ • Peron, Ettore Maria (July 2017). Storia di Como [ History of Como ] (First ed.). Pordenone: Edizioni Biblioteca dell’immagine (published 2017). p. 4. ISBN   9788863912685.

• ^ • Luraschi, Giorgio (1999). Storia di Como Antica [ Ancient History of Como ] (Second ed.). Como: Edizioni New Press . p. 5. ISBN   8895383834.

• ^ • Luraschi, Giorgio (1999). Storia di Como Antica [ Ancient History of Como ] (Second ed.). Como: Edizioni New Press. p. 5. ISBN   8895383834.

• ^ • Peron, Ettore Maria (July 2017). Storia di Como [ History of Como ] (First ed.). Pordenone: Edizioni Biblioteca dell’Immagine (published 2017). p. 7. ISBN   9788863912685.

• ^ Hundreds Of Roman Gold Coins Found In Theater Basement Archived 12 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Shannon Van Sant, NPR , 2018-09-10

• ^ • Zanella, Antonio (16 October 1991). Paolo Diacono, La storia dei longobardi [ Paul the Deacon, the History of the Langobards ]. Rizzoli. ISBN   978-8817168243.

• ^ • “Beni culturali”.

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• ^ • Bergamaschi, Mario (January 2013). Il Cumano Cronaca della Guerra Decennale tra Como e Milano 1118-1127 [ The Cumano, cronicle of the 10-Years War between Como and Milan 1118-1127 ]. Gorgonzola: Alessandro Dominioni Editore. pp. 15–19. ISBN   9788887867459.

• ^ a b c • Bergamaschi, Mario (January 2013). Il Cumano Cronoca della guerre decennale tra Como e Milano 1118-1127 [ The Cumano, Cronicles of the decennial war between Como and Milan 1118-1127 ] (in Italian). Alessandro Dominioni Editore. pp. 51–63. ISBN   9788887867459.

• ^ • Corio, Bernardino (1855). Storia di Milano [ History of Milan ] (in Italian). Milan: Francesco Colombo. p. 127.

• ^ • Giulini, Giorgio (1855). Memorie spettanti alla storia, al governo ed alla descrizione della città, e della campagna di Milano, ne’secoli bassi [ Memories relating to the history, government and description of the city and countryside of Milan in the early centuries ] (in Italian) (3rd ed.). Milan: Francesco Colombo Librajo. pp. 3–25.

• ^ • Bergamaschi, Mario (January 2013). Il Cumano Cronaca della guerra decennale tra Como e Milano 1118-1127 [ The Cumano, Cronicle of the 10-Years War between Como and Milan 1118-1127 ] (in Italian). Alessandro Dominioni Editore. pp. 63–152. ISBN   9788887867459.

• ^ • Bergamaschi, Mario (2013). Il Cumano. Cronaca della guerra decennale tra Como e Milano 1118-1127 [ The Cumano. Chronicles of the Ten-Year War Between Como and Milan (1118-1127) ]. Como: Alessandro Dominioni Editore. ISBN   9788887867459.

• ^ • “Comune di Como, sec. XI - 1757 – Istituzioni storiche – Lombardia Beni Culturali”. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2024.

• ^ a b c • “Comune di Como, sec. XI - 1757 – Istituzioni storiche – Lombardia Beni Culturali”. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2024.

• ^ Alberto Artioli, Il duomo di Como: guida alla storia; restauri recenti, Storie d’arte, Como, NodoLibri, 1990.

• ^ • The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge Vol IV. London: Charles Knight. 1848. p. 811.

• ^ • “Bronx Park Highlights”. Archived from the original on 17 August 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

• ^ • Maurisse, Marie (22 June 2010). “Quand un député suisse rêve d’annexer la Savoie”. Le Figaro . Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.

• ^ • “SVP-Forderung: Vorarlberg soll Kanton werden”. Der Standard . 21 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.

• ^ • Coen, Leonardo (22 June 2010). “L’ultima tentazione di Como: “Vogliamo diventare svizzeri””. La Repubblica . Archived from the original on 25 June 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.

• ^ • “Historical Weather in February 1987 in Como”. weatherspark.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

• ^ • “Historical Weather”. weatherspark.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

• ^ • “Caldo Natale sul lago di Como, il termometro sfiora i 20 gradi: colpa del Foehn” (in Italian). informazione.it. 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

• ^ • “Nubifragio, raffiche di vento a 100 km/h, grandine come palline da golf” (in Italian). quicomo.it. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

• ^ • “Historical Weather”. weatherspark.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

• ^ • “Como Climate”. Weather-atlas.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.

• ^ • “Il tetatro socilae di Come (in English)”. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.

• ^ • “Lake Como’s Silk”. lakecomotravel.com. 16 June 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.

• ^ • Tagliabue, John (10 April 1997). “Italian Silk Industry Upset By a New U.S. Trade Law”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2010.

• ^ • “Cross-border commuters”. Admin.ch. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.

• ^ • “Turismo a Como, i pernottamenti crescono del 28% rispetto al 2022” (in Italian). espansione TV. 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

• ^ • “Best Places to Visit in Italy”. US News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.

• ^ • “Statistiche Istat”. Istat. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

• ^ • “Food and Culture Encyclopedia:Northern Italy”. answers.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

• ^ • “Palio del Baradello di Como”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Il Palio”. Palio del Baradello di Como.

• ^ • Bassi, Carlo (2019). Vocabolario del dialètt de Còmm [ Dictionary of the dialect of Como ] (in Italian) (2nd ed.). Como: Famiglia Comasca (published 2021). p. 246. ISBN   978-8897180678.

• ^ • “Borgo di Tavernola”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Borgo di Quarcino”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Borgo di Camerlata”. Palio del Baradello di Como.

• ^ • “Comune di Cernobbio”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Contrada della Cortesella”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Borgo di Sant’Agostino”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Le Gare”. Palio del Baradello di Como. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ a b c • “Stemma comunale”. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

• ^ • “Lugano Airport”. Flightradar24. Archived from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.

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• ^ AIP Italia Archived 9 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine AD2 LILY

• ^ • “The historic fleet”. www.aeroclubcomo.com . Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

• ^ • “Aero Club Como”. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2014.

• ^ • “Città Gemelle”. Comune di Como. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.

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Sources

• • “Como”. Northern Italy (14th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1913. OL  16015532M.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Como.

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• Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Como.

• Official website (in Italian and English) • Official Tourism Portal • Historical picture gallery and slideshow • Official Tourist Board website (in Italian and English) • Lake Como Navigation Company • Official Virtual Tour • A documentary about the Lake by Yann Arthus-Bertrand

• • v • t • e

Lake Como ( Lago di Como, Lario )

Italy Lombardy (Province of Como , Province of Lecco )

Settlements • Abbadia Lariana • Argegno • Bellagio • Bellano • Blevio • Brienno • Carate Urio • Cernobbio • Colico • Colonno • Como • Consiglio di Rumo • Cremia • Dervio • Domaso • Dongo,_Lombardy • Dorio,_Lombardy • Faggeto Lario • Gera Lario • Giulino • Gravedona ed Uniti • Griante • Laglio • Lecco • Lenno • Lezzeno • Lierna • Malgrate • Mandello del Lario • Menaggio • Mezzegra • Moltrasio • Musso,_Lombardy • Nesso • Oliveto Lario • Ossuccio • Perledo • Pianello del Lario • Pognana Lario • Sala Comacina • San Siro,_Como • Sant’Abbondio_(CO) • Santa Maria Rezzonico • Sorico • Torno,_Lombardy • Tremezzo • Valbrona • Valmadrera • Varenna • Vercana

Islands • Isola Comacina

Rivers • Adda_(river) • Albano_(river) • Breggia_(river) • Cosia • Fiumelatte_(river) • Gera • Liro • Livo_(river) • Mera_(Lake_Como) • Meria • Pioverna • Telo • Varrone

Valleys • Valsassina

Mountains • Monte Generoso • Grigna • Monte Resegone

Landmarks • Castello di Vezio • Lierna Castle • Piona Abbey • Sacro Monte di Ossuccio • Villa del Balbianello • Villa Carlotta • Villa Erba • Villa d’Este_(Cernobbio) • Villa Olmo

Films • Piccolo mondo antico_(film)

People • Adeliza de Borgomanero

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• v • t • e

Lombardy · Comuni of the Province of Como

• Albavilla • Albese con Cassano • Albiolo • Alserio • Alta Valle Intelvi • Alzate Brianza • Anzano del Parco • Appiano Gentile • Argegno • Arosio • Asso • Barni • Bellagio,_Lombardy • Bene Lario • Beregazzo con Figliaro • Binago • Bizzarone • Blessagno • Blevio • Bregnano • Brenna,_Lombardy • Brienno • Brunate • Bulgarograsso • Cabiate • Cadorago • Caglio • Campione d’Italia • Cantù • Canzo • Capiago Intimiano • Carate Urio • Carbonate,_Lombardy • Carimate • Carlazzo • Carugo • Caslino d’Erba • Casnate con Bernate • Cassina Rizzardi • Castelmarte • Castelnuovo Bozzente • Cavargna • Centro Valle Intelvi • Cerano d’Intelvi • Cermenate • Cernobbio • Cirimido • Claino con Osteno • Colonno • Colverde • Como • Corrido,_Lombardy • Cremia • Cucciago • Cusino • Dizzasco • Domaso • Dongo,_Lombardy • Dosso del Liro • Erba,_Lombardy • Eupilio • Faggeto Lario • Faloppio • Fenegrò • Figino Serenza • Fino Mornasco • Garzeno • Gera Lario • Grandate • Grandola ed Uniti • Gravedona ed Uniti • Griante • Guanzate • Inverigo • Laglio • Laino • Lambrugo • Lasnigo • Lenno • Lezzeno • Limido Comasco • Lipomo • Livo,_Lombardy • Locate Varesino • Lomazzo • Longone al Segrino • Luisago • Lurago Marinone • Lurago d’Erba • Lurate Caccivio • Magreglio • Mariano Comense • Maslianico • Menaggio • Merone • Mezzegra • Moltrasio • Monguzzo • Montano Lucino • Montemezzo • Montorfano • Mozzate • Musso,_Lombardy • Nesso • Novedrate • Olgiate Comasco • Oltrona di San Mamette • Orsenigo,_Lombardy • Ossuccio • Peglio,_Lombardy • Pianello del Lario • Pigra • Plesio • Pognana Lario • Ponna • Ponte Lambro • Porlezza • Proserpio • Pusiano • Rezzago • Rodero • Ronago • Rovellasca • Rovello Porro • Sala Comacina • San Bartolomeo Val Cavargna • San Fermo della Battaglia • San Nazzaro Val Cavargna • San Siro,_Como • Schignano • Senna Comasco • Solbiate con Cagno • Sorico • Sormano • Stazzona • Tavernerio • Torno,_Lombardy • Tremezzo • Trezzone • Turate • Uggiate-Trevano • Val Rezzo • Valbrona • Valmorea • Valsolda • Veleso • Veniano • Vercana • Vertemate con Minoprio • Villa Guardia • Zelbio

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• v • t • e

Authority control databases International • ISNI • VIAF • GND • FAST

National • United States • France • BnF data • Czech Republic • Spain • Vatican • Israel

Geographic • MusicBrainz area • Pleiades

Other • IdRef • Historical Dictionary of Switzerland • Yale LUX