Hans-Hermann Hoppe

Hans-Hermann Hoppe (/ˈhɒpə/; German: [ˈhɔpə]; born 2 September 1949) is a German-American academic affiliated with the Austrian School of economics, anarcho-capitalism, right-wing libertarianism, and a vocal critic of democracy. From 1986 until his retirement in 2008, he held the position of professor of economics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). He is currently a senior fellow at the Mises Institute, a libertarian think tank. In 2006, he emigrated to Turkey, where he founded the Property and Freedom Society. This organization has been noted for hosting speakers who have espoused white nationalist views at its conferences.

Hoppe's extensive critique of democracy is most famously articulated in his 2001 book, Democracy: The God That Failed. In this work, he advocates for exclusionary "covenant communities" designed for the "purpose of protecting family and kin." A particular section of the book, which argued for the exclusion of democrats and homosexuals from society, significantly contributed to Hoppe's visibility and appeal within the far-right.

Recognized as a protégé of Murray Rothbard, Hoppe was established at UNLV by Rothbard. During his tenure at UNLV, a 2004 incident involving a student's complaint about Hoppe's lecture comments regarding homosexuals and time preference led to a university investigation. While the university initially issued a non-disciplinary letter to Hoppe, it was later withdrawn amidst controversy concerning academic freedom.

Early life and education

Born in Peine, West Germany, on 2 September 1949, Hans-Hermann Hoppe's family had settled there in 1946 after fleeing East Elbia, a region that fell under Soviet occupation following World War II. Hoppe has spoken of the lasting trauma caused by the expropriation of his mother's family, who were East Elbean Junkers, and has indicated he was raised with a Protestant ethic.

His undergraduate studies were completed at Saarland University. He subsequently earned his MA and PhD degrees in Philosophy from Goethe University Frankfurt. While studying there, he was a student of Jürgen Habermas, a prominent post-World War II German intellectual. However, Hoppe eventually rejected Habermas's ideas and, more broadly, European leftist thought.

From 1976 to 1978, Hoppe held a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He later obtained his habilitation in Foundations of Sociology and Economics from the University of Frankfurt in 1981.

Career

Hoppe lectured in West Germany and Italy between 1981 and 1985. In 1986, he relocated to the United States, facilitated by Murray Rothbard and a scholarship from the Center for Libertarian Studies. Rothbard also played a key role in securing Hoppe a professorship at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He taught in the School of Business at UNLV from 1986 until his retirement in 2008. He is a Distinguished Fellow at the Mises Institute, a libertarian think tank responsible for publishing a significant portion of his work, and previously served as editor for several of its periodicals.

Hoppe frequently referred to Rothbard as his "principal teacher, mentor and master." He described their relationship as one of close collaboration, stating he was "working and living side-by-side with him, in constant and immediate personal contact," and considered Rothbard his "dearest fatherly friend" from 1985 until Rothbard's death in 1995.

Mises Institute and John Randolph Club

The Mises Institute was established in 1982 by Lew Rockwell, Burton Blumert, and Murray Rothbard, following a schism between Rothbard and the Cato Institute, an organization Rothbard had co-founded. After Rothbard's passing in 1996, Hoppe emerged as a leading figure advocating for anarcho-capitalism within the Mises Institute.

Hoppe was also involved with the John Randolph Club, a coalition of paleolibertarians and paleoconservatives organized by Rothbard and associated with the Rockford Institute. During the 1990s, the club was known for promoting secessionist and neo-Confederate viewpoints.

Property and Freedom Society

In 2006, Hoppe founded The Property and Freedom Society (PFS), which convenes annual conferences in Bodrum, Turkey. The PFS, along with the Mises Institute, is seen as presenting a paleolibertarian challenge to organizations like the Mont Pelerin Society and the Atlas Network. The PFS conferences have attracted figures from the European New Right and the American alt-right. Quinn Slobodian and Dieter Plehwe have characterized Hoppe as a "racialist right-wing libertarian," and Slobodian notes that the PFS has hosted former members of the John Randolph Club alongside "new advocates of stateless libertarianism and racial secession."

Reflecting on the PFS's objectives in 2011, Hoppe stated: "On the one hand, positively, it was to explain and elucidate the legal, economic, cognitive and cultural requirements and features of a free, state-less natural order. On the other hand, negatively, it was to unmask the State and showcase it for what it really is: an institution run by gangs of murderers, plunderers and thieves, surrounded by willing executioners, propagandists, sycophants, crooks, liars, clowns, charlatans, dupes and useful idiots – an institution that dirties and taints everything it touches."

In 2016, Hoppe faced criticism for inviting speakers such as white nationalist Jared Taylor and neo-Nazi Richard B. Spencer to the PFS conference, where venture capitalist Peter Thiel also spoke. The Southern Poverty Law Center commented in 2016 that "in Hoppe one can see the connection between the ultra-Libertarians and white nationalists." In 2017, Intelligencer described the annual PFS meeting as "Davos, but for racists." Quinn Slobodian, writing in 2023, observed that "prophets of racial and social breakdown share the stage with investment advisors and financial consultants" at these conferences.

Views

On democracy

Hoppe's 2001 book, Democracy: The God That Failed, posits that democracy is a catalyst for civilizational decline. The book argues against universal suffrage and expresses support for "natural elites." Hoppe attributes various social and economic problems to democratic governance, citing the influence of pressure groups seeking increased government spending and regulation. He proposes secession, governmental decentralization, and "complete freedom of contract, occupation, trade and migration" as alternatives. Hoppe contends that monarchy, in his view, would better preserve individual liberty than democracy. The book's arguments, particularly its call for the exclusion of political opponents, helped popularize Hoppe among the far-right.

Janek Wasserman suggests that Hoppe has "reimagined the Austrian legacy as one of authoritarianism, conservatism, antidemocracy, and anti-Enlightenment." Steven Horwitz, a colleague of Hoppe's at the Mises Institute, described the approach of Hoppe and Joseph Salerno as "a fascist fist in a libertarian glove." The political scientist George Hawley identifies Hoppe as potentially "the most important bridge between libertarianism and the Alt-Right," noting Hoppe's assertion that libertarians must embrace being "radical conservatives" and must support a right to discrimination, including on the basis of race.

Wasserman states that Hoppe believes the achievements of the fin-de-siècle era and the Austrian School stemmed not from liberal dominance or cosmopolitan values, but from the ancien régime and its restrictive social order. In a 2013 statement, Hoppe argued that democracy leads to the erosion of the concept of beauty and universal aesthetic standards, being "swamped and submerged by so-called 'modern art'."

Walter Block, a fellow Mises Institute scholar, reviewed Democracy: The God That Failed, acknowledging that Hoppe's arguments illuminated various historical phenomena, including wars, poverty, inflation, interest rates, and crime. Block noted Hoppe's concession that contemporary democracies are more prosperous than historical monarchies, but suggested Hoppe believes that if nobles and kings were to replace current political leaders, their long-term perspective on national well-being could lead to improvements. Block did, however, express minor reservations regarding Hoppe's theses on time preferences, immigration, and the perceived divergence between libertarianism and conservatism.

Alberto Benegas-Lynch Jr., an economics professor at the University of Buenos Aires with ties to the libertarian Cato Institute, challenged Hoppe's preference for monarchy over democracy, presenting data indicating that modern monarchies are generally less affluent than modern democracies. Hoppe countered that comparing predominantly African monarchies with predominantly European democracies could create a distorted perspective.

When questioned by The Intercept in 2021 about his ideas being incorporated into far-right internet memes that endorse political assassination, Hoppe dismissed the question as uninformed. He stated, "I have been an intellectual champion of private property right, free markets, freedom of contract and association, and peace," adding, "What do I know? There are lots of crazy people out there!"

Covenant communities and discrimination

In Democracy: The God That Failed, Hoppe advocates for the right of property owners to establish communities with exclusive admission criteria. He describes a society composed of "covenant communities" whose residents adhere to a shared agreement defining the community's nature. Hoppe argues these communities should possess the right to engage in certain forms of discrimination, including the physical separation of individuals whose lifestyles are perceived as incompatible with the community's norms. He writes, "There would be little or no 'tolerance' and 'openmindedness' so dear to left-libertarians. Instead, one would be on the right path toward restoring the freedom of association and exclusion implied in the institution of private property."

Hoppe elaborates: "In a covenant concluded among proprietor and community tenants for the purpose of protecting their private property, no such thing as a right to free (unlimited) speech exists, ... naturally no one is permitted to advocate ideas contrary to the very purpose of the covenant of preserving and protecting private property, such as democracy and communism. There can be no tolerance toward democrats and communists in a libertarian social order. They will have to be physically separated and expelled from society. Likewise, in a covenant founded for the purpose of protecting family and kin, there can be no tolerance toward those habitually promoting lifestyles incompatible with this goal. They – the advocates of alternative, non-family and kin-centered lifestyles such as, for instance, individual hedonism, parasitism, nature-environment worship, homosexuality, or communism – will have to be physically removed from society, too, if one is to maintain a libertarian order."

Martin Snyder of the American Association of University Professors commented that Hoppe's statements evoke memories of segregation, apartheid, internment facilities, and concentration camps, and the associated symbols of persecution. Walter Block described Hoppe's call for the exclusion of homosexuals and others from polite society as "stark," "well written," and "radical," but also "exceedingly difficult to reconcile with libertarianism." Phillip Magness has argued that Hoppe's conservative cultural views are not derived from Misesian economics but from other right-wing political traditions and potentially the Frankfurt School.

Support for immigration restrictions

Despite identifying as an anarcho-capitalist who advocates for the abolition of the nation-state, Hoppe has drawn criticism for his support of state enforcement of immigration laws, a stance seen by some as contradictory to libertarian and anarcho-capitalist principles. Hoppe argues that as long as states exist, they should implement immigration restrictions. He equates unrestricted immigration with "forced integration," asserting it infringes upon the rights of native populations. He contends that in a system of privately owned land, immigration would naturally be regulated by the consent of property owners, not unimpeded.

Walter Block, a colleague at the Mises Institute, has labeled Hoppe an "anti-open immigration activist." Block notes that Hoppe argues that while the state unjustly confiscates property through taxation, it further exacerbates this injustice by allowing immigrants to utilize public property, thereby infringing on the original owners' rights. However, Block disputes Hoppe's position, deeming it inconsistent with libertarianism. Block posits that Hoppe's reasoning could justify other unlibertarian laws, such as those regulating prostitution or drug use, by claiming that property owners might object to such activities on their land. Simon Guenzl, writing for Libertarian Papers, argues that supporting state intervention in immigration is incompatible with Rothbardian and Hoppean libertarian anarchism, as well as the broader strategy of consistently advocating for the reduction of state power.

Regarding specific immigration policies, Hoppe suggested that immigrants should demonstrate English proficiency, possess "superior (above-average) intellectual performance and character structure," and adhere to a "compatible system of values." He predicted this would foster a "systematic pro-European immigration bias." Jacob Hornberger of the Future of Freedom Foundation criticized Hoppe's proposed immigration criteria, suggesting it would likely discriminate against Latin American immigrants in the United States.

Remarks about homosexuals and academic investigation

Hoppe's public statements and writings concerning race and homosexuality have generated significant controversy among both his libertarian peers and his colleagues at UNLV. Following a lecture on time preference on 4 March 2004, a student formally complained that Hoppe had created a hostile classroom environment. The student alleged that Hoppe asserted homosexuals were generally more prone to shortsightedness in economic planning than heterosexuals, partly due to not having children. Hoppe also reportedly suggested that the homosexuality of John Maynard Keynes might have influenced his economic theories, which Hoppe opposed. Hoppe further remarked that very young and very old individuals, as well as childless couples, were less likely to engage in long-term planning. He told a reporter that these comments constituted only 90 seconds of a 75-minute lecture, no students had questioned them at the time, and he had not received prior complaints in 18 years of delivering the lecture. The university requested an apology, which Hoppe delivered, likening his generalizations to national culinary habits. The student, however, felt Hoppe was not taking the complaint seriously and filed a formal grievance. Hoppe maintained he was the victim in the situation and suggested the student needed to "grow up."

An investigation ensued, culminating in a non-disciplinary letter of instruction from the university's provost, Raymond W. Alden III, on 9 February 2005. The letter concluded that Hoppe had "created a hostile or intimidating educational environment in violation of the University's policies regarding discrimination as to sexual orientation." Alden instructed Hoppe to "cease mischaracterizing opinion as objective fact," noting that Hoppe's opinions were not supported by peer-reviewed academic literature.

Hoppe appealed the decision, alleging the university had "blatantly violated its contractual obligations" and engaged in "frivolous interference with my right to academic freedom." He was represented by the American Civil Liberties Union, which threatened legal action. The Nevada ACLU executive director stated that while they did not endorse Hoppe's theories or understand why some students found them offensive, academic freedom must protect professors' rights to present scholarly ideas relevant to their curriculum. The case gained significant attention from Fox News, various blogs, and libertarian activists who launched campaigns to contact the university. The university faced two weeks of negative publicity, and the Interim Chancellor of the Nevada System of Higher Education, Jim Rogers, expressed concerns about potential infringements on free speech.

Jim Rogers denied Hoppe's request for a one-year paid sabbatical. On 18 February 2005, UNLV President Carol Harter reviewed Hoppe's appeal and decided that his views, however controversial or unconventional, should not result in disciplinary action. She dismissed the discrimination complaint and ordered the non-disciplinary letter to be removed from Hoppe's personnel file, stating, "In the balance between freedoms and responsibilities, and where there may be ambiguity between the two, academic freedom must, in the end, be foremost."

Hoppe later chronicled the incident and the UNLV investigation in an article titled "My Battle With the Thought Police." Martin Snyder of the American Association of University Professors commented that Hoppe should not be "punished for freely expressing his opinions."

The Hoppe incident, alongside controversies involving remarks by Harvard University President Lawrence Summers, prompted UNLV to host a conference on academic freedom in October 2005. In 2009, UNLV proposed a new policy encouraging the reporting of bias incidents, which drew criticism from the Nevada ACLU and some faculty members who viewed it as a potential threat to academic freedom, recalling the Hoppe case.

Argumentation ethics

In the September 1988 issue of Liberty magazine, Hoppe introduced a theory he named argumentation ethics, an attempt to establish an a priori and value-neutral foundation for libertarian ethics. Hoppe asserted that any argument contradicting libertarian principles is logically incoherent. He posited that engaging in an argument implicitly assumes certain norms, including a prohibition against the initiation of violence. Hoppe extrapolated this to political life, arguing that these argumentation norms should universally apply. He claimed that only anarcho-capitalist libertarianism, with its non-aggression principle, prohibits the initiation of aggressive violence, rendering any argument for alternative political philosophies logically flawed.

Liberty published responses from ten libertarians in its subsequent issue, followed by a rejoinder from Hoppe. Murray Rothbard, a friend and mentor to Hoppe, praised the theory as "a dazzling breakthrough for political philosophy in general and for libertarianism in particular," suggesting it transcended the "famous is/ought, fact/value dichotomy." However, the majority of surveyed colleagues rejected Hoppe's theory, which Hoppe dismissed as utilitarianism.

Roderick T. Long, a Senior Fellow at the Mises Institute, argued that Hoppe's a priori formulation of libertarianism conflicted with the foundational principles of Misesean praxeology, questioning how practical requirements could be justified independently of means-end structures. Libertarian philosopher Jason Brennan rejected Hoppe's argument, stating it "illicitly conflates a liberty right with a claim right." J. Mikael Olsson argued that Hoppe failed to provide non-circular reasons for prioritizing consensual argument over subjective preferences, suggesting the theory relies on unproven intuitions. Commentators have noted that Hoppe's original appropriation theory, initially leaning towards the labor theory of property, later shifted towards the first possession theory of property.

Influence

Hoppe has been cited as an influence by neoreactionary monarchist blogger Curtis Yarvin, also known as Mencius Moldbug. Argentinian President Javier Milei has identified Hoppe as a major influence and has recommended his bibliography, despite recent ideological disagreements concerning Milei's administration and the practical application of libertarian principles within a democratic system.

Personal life

Hoppe resides in Turkey with his wife, Gülçin Imre Hoppe, who is also an Austrian School economist and a hotelier. The Property and Freedom Society conferences are held at their family-owned hotel, the Karia Princess, in Bodrum. As of 2024, their extended family includes four children and seven grandchildren.

Selected works

Books (authored)

German

Handeln und Erkennen [Action and Cognition] (1976)
Kritik der kausalwissenschaftlichen Sozialforschung [Critique of Causal Scientific Social Research] (1983)
Eigentum, Anarchie und Staat [Property, Anarchy, and the State] (1987)

English

A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism (1988)
Economic Science and the Austrian Method (1995)
Democracy: The God That Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy and Natural Order (2001)
The Economics and Ethics of Private Property (2nd ed., 2006)
Economy, Society, & History (2021)

Books (edited)

The Myth of National Defense: Essays on the Theory and History of Security Production (2003)

Book contributions

"Introduction." In: The Ethics of Liberty, by Murray N. Rothbard (1998).
"Government and the Private Production of Defense." In: The Myth of National Defense: Essays on the Theory and History of Security Production (2003).

Articles

"On the Ultimate Justification of the Ethics of Private Property." Liberty, vol. 2, no. 1 (September 1988): 20–22.
"Symposium: Breakthrough or Buncombe?" Liberty, vol. 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 44–54.
"Socialism: A Property or Knowledge Problem?" Review of Austrian Economics, vol. 9 (March 1996): 143–149.
"Small is Beautiful and Efficient: The Case for Secession." Telos, vol. 107 (Spring 1996).
"The Libertarian Case for Free Trade and Restricted Immigration." Journal of Libertarian Studies, vol. 13, no. 2 (Summer 1998).
"On Property and Exploitation," with Walter Block. International Journal of Value-Based Management, vol. 15 (2002): 225–236.
"My Battle with the Thought Police." Mises Daily (12 April 2005).

Book reviews

"In Defense of Extreme Rationalism: Thoughts on D. McCloskey's The Rhetoric of Economics ." Review of Austrian Economics, vol. 3 (1989): 179–214.

Collected works

Jacob, Thomas (editor). Hoppe Unplugged: Ansichten, Einsichten und Provokationen aus Interviews und Reden von Prof. Hans-Hermann Hoppe [in German]. (2021).

See also:

References

^ a b c d e f g h i j k Slobodian, Quinn (2023). Crack-Up Capitalism: Market Radicals and the Dream of a World Without Democracy (1st ed.). New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1250753908.
^ a b c Wasserman, Janek (2019). The Marginal Revolutionaries. Yale University Press. p. 281. doi:10.2307/j.ctvnwbxwf. ISBN 978-0300249170. S2CID 203312066.
^ a b c d e f Snyder, Martin D. (2005). "State of the Profession: Birds of a Feather?". Academe. 91 (2): 127. doi:10.2307/40253419. ISSN 0190-2946. JSTOR 40253419.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq qr qs qt qu qv qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa sb sc sd se sf sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su sv sw sx sy sz ta tb tc td te tf tg th ti tj tk tl tm tn to tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx ty tz ua ub uc ud ue uf ug uh ui uj uk ul um un uo up uq ur us ut uu uv uw ux uy uz va vb vc vd ve vf vg vh vi vj vk vl vm vn vo vp vq vr vs vt vu vv vw vx vy vz wa wb wc wd we wf wg wh wi wj wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk xl xm xn xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi yj yk yl ym yn yo yp yq yr ys yt yu yv yw yx yy yz za zb zc zd ze zf zg zh zi zj zk zl zm zn zo zp zq zr zs zt zu zv zw zx zy zz
^ Alden, III, Raymond W. (9 February 2005). "Findings and non-disciplinary letter of instruction" (PDF). Mises Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
^ a b c d e f Snyder, Martin. "Birds of a Feather?". Academe. Vol. 91, no. 2. p. 127. ISSN 0190-2946.
^ Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (September 1988). "The Ultimate Justification of the Private Property Ethic" (PDF). Liberty. 2 (1): 20–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
^ a b c d Symposium (November 1988). "Hans-Hermannn Hoppe's Argumentation Ethics: Breakthrough or Buncombe?" (PDF). Liberty. 2 (2): 44–54. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2017.
^ Jason Brennan (12 December 2013). "Hoppe's Argumentation Ethics Argument Refuted in Under 60 Seconds". Bleeding Heart Libertarians. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
^ a b Carol Harter (18 February 2005). "Statement of Dr. Carol Harter, President of UNLV, regarding Professor Hans-Hermann Hoppe" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2005. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
^ a b Walter Block (2011). "Rejoinder to Hoppe on Immigration" (PDF). Journal of Libertarian Studies. 22 (1): 771–792. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
^ Guenzl, Simon (23 June 2016). "Public Property and the Libertarian Immigration Debate". Libertarian Papers. 8.
^ Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (1997). "On Theory and History. Reply to Benegas-Lynch Jr" (PDF). Values and the Social Order. 3: 1–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
^ Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (2001). Democracy: The God That Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy and Natural Order. Transaction Publishers. p. 211. ISBN 1412815290.
^ a b Walter Block (Loyola University New Orleans), "Libertarianism is unique; it belongs neither to the right nor the left: a critique of the views of Long, Holcombe, and Baden on the left, Hoppe, Feser and Paul on the right" Archived 21 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, undated, published at Ludwig von Mises Institute website, pp. 22–23.
^ Lew Rockwell, introduction to Hoppe's A Short History of Man (2015), Auburn, Mississippi: Mises Institute, p. 9.
^ Hans Herman Hoppe, The Economics and Ethics of Private Property Archived 26 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd Ed., Mises Institute, p. xii, ISBN 978-0945466406.
^ Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (12 April 2005). "My Battle With The Thought Police". Mises Institute. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
^ Jacob Hornberger, "Let's Stick with Traditional American Values!" Archived 17 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Future of Freedom Foundation, 1 February 2000.
^ David Gordon, Review of Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Democracy: The God that Failed Archived 19 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Mises Review of Ludwig von Mises Institute, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring 2002.
^ a b Walter Block, Review of Democracy: The God that Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy, and Natural Order, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 61, No. 3, July 2002.
^ a b c d e f Slobodian, Quinn; Plehwe, Dieter (2019). "Neoliberals Against Europe". In William Callison, Zachary Manfredi (ed.). Mutant Neoliberalism: Market Rule and Political Rupture. United Kingdom: Fordham University Press. p. 2019. ISBN 978-0823285730.
^ a b Ganz, John (19 September 2017). "Perspective – Libertarians have more in common with the alt-right than they want you to think". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ Tait, Joshua (2019). "Mencius Moldbug and Neoreaction". In Sedgwick, Mark (ed.). Key thinkers of the radical right: behind the new threat to liberal democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 187–203. ISBN 978-0190877606.
^ Noah Lanard (7 September 2022). "Newly uncovered emails show Blake Masters' long history of hating democracy". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
^ Rubén Folguera Agra (14 April 2024). ""Mi norte son Rothbard y Hoppe": Javier Milei se reafirma en sus convicciones libertarias". Libre Mercado (in European Spanish). Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^ a b Jörg Guido Hülsmann and Stephan Kinsella (2024). A Life in Liberty: Liber Amicorum in Honor of Hans-Hermann Hoppe (PDF). ISBN 979-8-9890306-4-4.

External links

Official website
Hans-Hermann Hoppe, The Mises Institute
The Property & Freedom Society
Hoppe's archives at LewRockwell.com