Kanger

A kanger (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kãːɡɨr]; also known as kangri, kangid, or kangir) is a traditional Kashmiri portable heater, an earthen pot encased in wicker, filled with hot embers. It is not merely a utilitarian device but also a cultural artifact, embodying the craftsmanship and artistic sensibilities of Kashmir. The kanger is typically carried inside the pheran , a traditional Kashmiri cloak, or wrapped in a blanket, providing warmth during the harsh winter period known as Chillai Kalan . In modern contexts, it can also function as a hand warmer when used with contemporary clothing such as jackets.

Design and Construction

A typical kanger measures approximately 6 inches (15 cm) in diameter and can reach temperatures of around 150 °F (66 °C). It is produced in various sizes, including smaller versions for children and larger ones for adults. The construction of a kanger involves molding and firing earthen pots, followed by the intricate wickerwork that encases the pot. Artisans erect two arms to handle the pot, prop the back side with strong wicker sticks, and optionally color it to enhance its aesthetic appeal.

Historical Background

The origins of the kanger are often traced back to the influence of Italians who were part of the retinue of the Mughal emperors and frequently visited the Valley during the summer. In Italy, a similar device known as a scaldino was used, and in Spain, braziers were made in a variety of shapes and profusely ornamented. However, historical data contradicts the claim that the kanger came to Kashmir from Italy, although it is known to have been used during the time of the Mughal Empire . Visitors to Kashmir during the winter season are often surprised to see people carrying fire pots in their hands or laps, but every Kashmiri is adept at handling the apparatus with care. It is an integral part of Kashmiri tradition and continues to see significant demand, even in modern times, being used in public or private offices during winters.

Current Use

Kangers are widely used in Kashmir, particularly in rural areas where power cuts during winters are frequent. Generally, every member of a household has one. In some urban households, other devices such as hot water bottles, blowers, and electric blankets have replaced the kanger. Aromatic seeds, such as isband (Peganum harmala ), are often burned in a kanger for ceremonial purposes.

Beyond Kashmir, people in the erstwhile hill states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and some parts of Nepal also use local variants of the kanger. In 2015, a shopkeeper in Srinagar commissioned a kanger, described as the world’s largest , to attract customers to his textile shop. Kashmir Life reported that the size, over a meter long, posed technical challenges to the wicker-weavers.

Manufacturing

Kangers are woven by small-scale farmers known as kanile. The town of Charari Sharief is famous for a peculiar kind of kanger called the “charar kangir.” Anantnag is another major producer. The sector is not organized but is covered under various government schemes.

Cultural Significance

The cultural importance of the kanger is encapsulated in the Kashmiri proverb: “What Laila was on Majnun’s bosom (legendary lovers), so is the kanger to a Kashmiri.” This sentiment is further echoed in the verse:

Ai kangri! ai kangri! Kurban tu Hour wu Peri! Chun dur bughul mi girimut Durd az dil mi buree. (Oh, kangri! oh, kangri! You are the gift of Houris and Fairies; When I take you under my arm You drive fear from my heart.)

Medical Hazards

Regular use of the kanger can cause a specific skin cancer known as kangri cancer . This effect was first studied by W. J. Elmslie in 1866 and was initially thought to be caused by burns. However, it is now believed to be the result of a carcinogenic distillation product of woodcoal.

World Kangri Day

The tourism department of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) has finalized plans to celebrate ‘Pheran and Kangri Day’ on February 19 to promote Kashmiri culture.